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One of nature’s most beautiful sights, rainbows are bright and colorful. Have you ever wondered how rainbows were formed? Light from the sun splits and refracts, or bends and separates, through a raindrop to create a rainbow. But did you know that you can also create a rainbow by shining sunlight through glass prism? A glass prism is not an ordinary piece of glass; it is a glass that can take white light and separate it into different colors, just like a rainbow!
But how does a prism of glass make a rainbow? Light slows down and bends at the prism. This bending occurs due to the fact that the light is transitioning from one medium (air) into another medium (glass). This bending causes the different colors of light to separate and travel at different angles. Each color bends by a different amount because it has a different wavelength, or distance between peaks of the light waves.
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet are the colors of a rainbow. This can be remembered using the acronym ROYGBIV! As the light passes through the prism, it makes a long shape — which we call a spectrum. The spectrum is much like an ornate fan, and the colors always appear in the same order, too: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
The first time you see a glass prism at work, you are entranced by the beautiful rainbow it produces. With a glass prism, shining the colors onto a wall or a sheet of white paper can be a fun experiment. Another way to see the colors better is to hold the prism up to your eye. It can be magical to watch the colors dance and change!
One of the neatest things about a glass prism rainbow is that the colors will change based on how you angle the prism. When you spin the prism the colors shift into different formations and shapes. Some colors may also appear to blend or be more vibrant depending on angle. Thanks, this has must look light show before your eyes!
The colors in a rainbow are always the same red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. But would you be surprised to learn all colors have many shades? You may have noticed there are light greens and dark greens, bright blues and deep blues. Although that makes them all of the same color family, simply each shade can really appear exceptionally unique!
Also light in itself is very diverse. Light is produced by many sources which are around us- the glare of the sun, bulbs in our homes, and the torches we carry. Every source of light is capable of having various color temperatures. Color temperature refers to the color of different lights when they come from each source. For example, the light from a candle is warm and yellow, whereas the light from a fluorescent bulb is cooler and can appeared bluish. This teaches us what type of light makes us feel a certain way in a room.
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